";s:4:"text";s:29780:"This is start of fermentation, which will preserve the forage in a way similat to sauerkraut. Conversion Chart This is a conversion page for density units. It can be in a bunk silo, a bag or bale form. Hay bales can weigh from 40 lbs to 2,000 lbs (18 kg to 907 kg). By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. 0000042791 00000 n
So, why on earth would you want to do this haylage stuff when dry hay works just fine? You are looking for somewhere in the really wilted range. Since the bales are heavy even your older round baler may not be able to bale the wet forage because of the extra weight. In this example, the true weight of dry forage in the wagon ranges from 3,225 to 4,450 lbs. 0000001349 00000 n
While this calculation is better than a guess, it does not provide the accuracy required for sale of forage or yield checks. See what youve got at 6 weeks. Depending upon the day, the flock and the nutritional value of the haylage we may not need to feed the whole bale. &== bfi:2q~~q8]_Bb2. 0000020068 00000 n
You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. lb/ft - Pound Per Cubic Foot. link to Why Do Farmers Have Lambs In The Winter. To find the average dry weight per board foot, divide the pounds per cubic foot by 12. Plant maturity is another factor that impacts bale density and ultimately bale weight. With the weather being wet in the summer lately, we decided to make our own haylage, instead of hoping to catch a dry week. It is listed in pounds per cubic foot or kilograms per cubic meter. Round bales, also called rolls of hay, started showing up in fields about 40 years ago. Density = 5.90 + (0.1 x depth of haylage) (in feet) = tons of dry matter per cubic foot for haylage (density increases with the depth of the haylage) Let's look into it. We called a local guy who advertised online that he did custom baling and wrapping, be sure to call before you need it! Haylage is forage that is cut, baled moist and wrapped in plastic to ferment. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. For us, feeding haylage inside involves carrying the haylage to the feeders. 0000004282 00000 n
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Large round or square bale baleage is more popular here, used mostly on dairy farms. If your baler is older, check into its capabilities. We teach, learn, lead and serve, connecting people with the University of Wisconsin, and engaging with them in transforming lives and communities. Haylage is fermented moist hay. They are often preferred when the bale is going to be shipped long distances, since their density lowers shipping costs and makes it easier to build a secure load. Although heavier than two string bales, they can be handled by one or two people without special equipment. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. DM per cubic foot Silage Storage Safely minimize shrink and preserve quality in storing silage. Many people use the words haylage and baleage interchangeably. The two main plant types are grasses and legumes. In this example the actual wet basis density of the silage is 14 lb per cu-ft / 0.35 = 40 lb /cu-ft. byKevin J. Shinners and Brian J. Holmes The first part of the formula is the specific gravity of the wood. Then we would do the baling in the afternoon of the third day. A bale sitting on the flat end keeps its round shape, bales left on the round edge will flatten a bit and be harder to wrap, especially if you are individually wrapping them. Finally, there are many models of balers of differing ages. Large square hay bales and round hay bales require bale handling equipment such as a tractor with a bale lift. of Science and Technology Volume of hay in round stacks The rules or formulas used for oblong stacks do not apply to round stacks. 0000041051 00000 n
Haylage is baled at 40-60% moisture, it is essentially a wet bale of wilted forage. It often ranges from 9 to 12 pounds per cubic foot. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Both have advantages and ideal use situations. Square hay bales come in two size groups, small and large. There are two standard guides for determining the weight and volume of corn silage. Our summer forage harvesting went well this year, in a season when other farmers in our area that were making dry hay had little to no success. The dry or loose dirt will weigh around 76 lbs per cubic foot while moist loose dirt will have more weight averaging 78 lbs per . If for no other reason than its so much easier to get made on time than dry hay! Hay bale density is determined by how much the baler compresses the hay. Weight down the plastic cover to provide a tight seal so that all air is excluded. Use Table 5 to adjust for other moisture levels. You missed your window. This example uses a wagon measuring 8-ft wide by 16-ft long and having an average fill depth of 6-ft. Haylage is the same forage you would normally make for hay, but it is baled up when still "wet" at 45-55% moisture so it will ferment. Bushels = 0.628 x diameter x diameter x average depth of grain (all in feet) for shelled corn or soybeans Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. How Moisture Content Affects Hay Bale Weight Fresh baled hay: 18% to 20% moisture by weight. Measurements should be taken on each chopper box to determine the width and length. Hopefully, the timing coincides with a window of nice weather! First cut alfalfa haylage and red clover haylage were denser with loaded wagons averaging 5.6 lbsDM/ft. Average Density and Dry Matter Content of Five Forages in Forage Wagons (Marshfield, Wisconsin 1992-1994). The standard deviation of forage density in this study was 0.8 lbs. Both are fermented hay made for feeding livestock. goes over the other type of haylage we love, Oatlage, which is just haylage made of oats, is a great way to harvest oats as wonderful feed for your stock. Think about it like sauerkraut compared to shredded cabbage. Table 3 shows that there are 470 cubic feet per ton of settled alfalfa c. 7,200 470 = 15 tons of hay 3. In a 5-foot by 5-foot bale, the difference between 10 and 11 pounds of dry matter per square foot amounts to over 100 pounds per bale at both the 10 and 15 percent moisture levels. For example the silo is 50 feet long by 30 feet wide and the silage averages 12 feet deep. So for every 2,000 lbs (ton) of freshly baled hay you buy youre losing 200 lbs when compared to moisture stabilized hay. For round bins you may use the top line in Table and multiply by height in feet. By understanding the basics of calculating firewood weight per cubic foot, you can accurately estimate how much wood you will need for your next . Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Square hay bales come in two major size groups, small and large. If something went wrong in the fermentation process, like the plastic was torn and introduced air, then the haylage will be unsuitable as feed. 2020-41595-30123 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Iowa State University Once the forage is cut, you watch to see how it is drying down. The sooner the haylage is wrapped, the better. Most dairy farmers do not have a drive-over scale available on their farms. Ready to bale fields of hay sitting soaking wet for weeks (last year, and the year before) was a normal sight in our area. Estimating the Weight of Forage in a Forage Wagon. Silage that is not packed has a weight of approximately 25 pounds per cubic foot, and well-packed silage is considered to weigh approximately 35 pounds per cubic foot. Square hay bales come in two size groups, small and large. Disadvantages of silage . Now the haylage has to cure, meaning ferment for a while to turn into haylage. How good are these estimates? Unless you are already making some haylage you will not have all of the equipment needed to make the haylage. As long as the wrap is not damaged the haylage inside will be stable. I truly enjoy sharing our experiences (Im the writer) and helping folks get started raising animals on their own farm or in the backyard. Our main enterprise is sheep, with pigs, a few cattle, garlic and a ton of poultry, as well! 0000001610 00000 n
Tons of wet silage or haylage = tons of dry matter / (1 - % moisture), Tons of dry matter = Length x width x depth of corn silage (all in feet) x density / 2,000 This is because the temperature affects the water's density, and the density affects the weight. Forage species also affects bale weight. These bales are heavy, moving them with people power once they are in the barn doesnt work. Since the weight of concrete per cubic foot is 150 lbs, the weight of 8 cubic feet of concrete will be 8150 = 1200 lbs (pounds). No. Multiply by .4 if ear corn. The hay was baled in a round baler, some farms use a big square baler, and left in the field. 0000005611 00000 n
Haylage has two big advantages over dry hay: First off, lets talk about storage. Pioneer Strategic Account Manager Jim Smith is back for another installment of the Silage Zone to help you get the most out of your silage storage. We feed what they need each day, twice a day. The catch with haylage is that being baled is just step one, it must be wrapped ASAP, no joke. Those percentages also translate to differences in weight if all other factors are equal. 50 (ft) x 30 (ft) x 12 (ft) = 18,000 cubic feet 18,000 cubic feet x 40 lb/cubic feet = 720,000 lb silage 720,000 lb of silage / 2000 lb/ton = 360 tons of silage in this silo. In our pre haylage days, getting dry hay made well was tough and, sadly, resulted in our share of rained on hay. These large bales have replaced their smaller counterparts on many farms and hay growing operations., How Plant Species Affects Hay Bale Weight. According to research at the University of Wisconsin and Cornell University, when silage was packed in a bunker silo to a density of greater than 14 lb of dry matter per cubic foot, it ensiled well. We (my husband and I) are life long animal lovers and full time livestock farmers in Ohio. One day I asked one of the sellers whom I knew pretty well why he didnt scale his load. Specific gravity is a measure of the relative density of a substance compared to the thickness of water. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Let's say we have 15 cubic meters of Portland concrete. 0000006582 00000 n
This compared to 846 pounds for grass bales of the same size. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". ] VMkd?h5u#]XLT. 0000015064 00000 n
weight before drying - weight after drying /weight before drying = moisture content percentage However, these bales each have their own complete seal, so a rip in the plastic is limited to ruining one bale. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. Later on in this article we will discuss the size and weight details of different types and of hay bales. Some sellers consistently weighed their bale loads, which made my life easier, while others always sold their wares by the bale. They are popular with horse owners, small animal breeders, landscapers, and anywhere that manual handling is required or where only smaller quantities of hay are needed. For clarity's sake, let's go through a quick example. 0000011599 00000 n
This means it needs to be high quality and harvested on time, both of which have been challenging lately with dry hay for our area. Weights of Metals with Industrial Applications (Metal Density in US Units and Metric); Metal: Pounds per Cubic Foot lb/ft: Pounds per Cubic Inch lb/in: Kilograms per Cubic Meter kg/m: Grams per Cubic Centimeter g/cm: Aluminum: 168.6 lb/ft: 0.098 lb/in: 2,700 kg/m: 2.70 g/cm For the details, click over to my article on Oatlage. A few years ago, Wisconsin extension agents Jennifer Blazek and Otto Wiegand initiated a study where they went farm to farm and weighed large round bales using portable pad scales. Bale density is measured in pounds per cubic foot. Their handling and transport advantages led to them becoming the most popular bales today. Round bales, also called rolls of hay, started showing up in fields about 40 years ago. When raising sheep, you occasionally get a sick one. Since this was already after dark, after 9 p.m. we were glad to get it done! The bale now weight 80 lbs. Once stored, questions have come up on how to estimate the tonnage of silage in a bunker silo. Thanks for stopping by! To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. Forage Species This way the lambs can spend the summer outside with their moms, eating grass and enjoying the sunshine. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. How A Square Hay Baler Works - With Animation, Tractor Operator Making Large Round Bales - Cab View Video, Copyright Hayforks.com -- From the time you mow the forage until the time it is wrapped (stored) is a shorter time period than it takes to make hay, since hay needs to be completely dry. Frequently it would be useful to know the weight of forage harvested from a field. Haylage is normally stored outside in rows or stacks, no barn is needed. Haylage is made by baling the forage when wet (45-55% moisture) then wrapping it to get proper fermentation by excluding air. It frequently is used to refer to the loss of feed during harvest, handling, and storage. The plastic cuts off the air, leaving the baled forage in an anaerobic (no air) environment. Short versions: Additionally, there is also a natural tendency for dry matter loss during storage that the buyer will incur if bales are purchased immediately after baling. But Table 2 (pages 4-5) gives the volume of round stacks when the circumference is between 45 and 98 feet and the For cows to digest the starch in corn efficiently, the corn kernels in chopped and processed whole-plant corn must be broken into small particles. Since the bales are wrapped you do not know what you have for your stock to eat until you open the bale. The other possible weight that a freight company may use to calculate shipping costs is called cubic weight, and that is based on cubic feet/meters. We roll it out on the fields to the sheep with a bale unroller. Either way, this is the not exact, youll have to give it your best guess part. You cut the hay field at the highest nutrition growth stage for your stock, usually this is right before blooming or sending up a seed head. Tons of wet silage or haylage = tons of dry matter / (1 - % moisture) Dont mow first and expect the custom guy to be available, call and check with him first. You need the stems of the grasses to stay long! The forage used for haylage is cut the same as it would be for will for dry hay, the difference is in the timing of baleing. x The density of this type of concrete in kilograms per cubic meter is 2,300, so the calculation goes as follows: weight of concrete = 15 m 2,300 kg/m = 34,500 kg. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. A 4x5 bale weighs 950 lbs (430 kg). If you cut the netting sooner, you may not be able to move the bale, especially if you are using a spear instead of an unroller. Missing the weight of a bale by 10 percent amounts to some pretty significant dollars if multiple tons are being purchased. Making haylage starts out like making any other normal hay, you cut the forage with a mower to get the long stems to start to dry. UNL web framework and quality assurance provided by the, Apply to the University of NebraskaLincoln, Give to the University of NebraskaLincoln, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Strengthening Nebraska's Agricultural Economy, Estimating the Tonnage of Silage in a Bunker Silo. We all know that the sooner you notice a health problem in your stock, the sooner you can start treatment and get her back into top shape. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions. 0000010957 00000 n
For three years, station staff recorded the weight and depth of forage for each load of alfalfa haylage, red clover haylage, oatlage, and corn silage harvested at the research station. How can the total weight of a loaded forage box be estimated? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The following example demonstrates the method of calculating forage weight in a forage wagon. We did some of each and liked the tube wrapper the best for speed, its a ton faster and uses less plastic per bale wrapped. It often ranges from 9 to 12 pounds per cubic foot. 0000038442 00000 n
The plastic wrapping of the bales keeps out all the weather, freeing up barn space. link to How Do You Know If A Sheep Is Sick? Density = 0.8 bushels per cubic foot for corn or soybeans Density = 6 to 8 pounds per cubic foot for hay Most small square bales can be handled manually. 0000015041 00000 n
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Silage that is not packed has a weight of approximately 25 pounds per cubic foot, and well-packed silage is considered to weigh approximately 35 pounds per cubic foot. Density = 0.515 bushels per cubic foot for ground ear corn 0000006056 00000 n
Density = 8.0 + (0.15 x depth of silage) (in feet) = tons of dry matter per cubic foot for corn silage (density increases with the depth of the silage) Small two string bales can be easily handled by most people without special handling equipment. However, this level of density was set as a minimum. Feed costs account for 60% of a beef cow . 0000017224 00000 n
You know, from the information above, a cubic foot of concrete weighs 150 pounds. Horizontal silos, bag silos, and stacks require mechanical compaction to achieve adequate . That is also called haylage since there is no grain in it and it is made from a hay type forage. Size: 18 wide x 14 high x 36 long. In addition, this example will assume an average forage density of 5.0 lbs DM/ft and a forage dry matter of 40%. The same bale made with grasses would weigh 850 lbs. Baleage vs. Haylage by Brad Schick, Nebraska Extension Educator explains more of the differences in terminology if youd like to dig a little deeper. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Some dryland corn producers this year turned to silage production to get the most value from their low-yield crop. To feed the haylage on pasture, we cut the plastic off, then drive into the field. 0000011291 00000 n
To convert to bushels of corn, multiply cubic feet times .8 (If the corn is 15.5% moisture). Dont leave the unrolled section of the haylage with the sheep or cattle. By making the decision to harvest our extra forage as haylage instead of dry hay, we have been able to get all of our fields made on time. A cubic foot of water weighs about 62.3 pounds when the water's temperature is 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Dont use anything that will pierce the plastic. Researchers at the Marshfield Agricultural Research Station conducted a study to estimate the weight of loaded forage boxes. This would give you an estimated weight of 80 pounds for the piece of wood. Wed love to hear from you if you have any questions! 8 Table 5 - Volume Adjustments for Wet Corn Bushels/Cubic Feet Moisture Content Shelled Corn X Ground Ear Corn X 15.5 .800 .515 16 .794 .510 17 .787 .508 These numbers will vary slightly depending on the moisture content and length of cut at harvest. But on average the dirt weighs about 80 pounds per cubic foot with the typical range of 74 to 110 pounds per cubic foot. However, a 5-foot-wide by 4-foot-diameter bale has only 64 percent of the volume of a 5-foot by 5-foot bale. Cubic Weight Definition. Two string bales were the most common hay bales for many years. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. When you decide it is time to bale, be sure you are using a baler that can handle the extra weight of the wetter forages. So why do you see some sheep with Hey there, Im Kathy! Most people use two tractors to make haylage. All Lambs are supposed to be born in the spring, right? William Edwards, retired economist. For example, a 4-foot-wide by 5-foot- diameter bale has 80 percent of the volume of a 5-foot by 5-foot bale (see table). Averaged over all species and cuttings, the density of forage in a wagon was 5.0 pounds of dry forage per cubic foot (lbs DM/ft). Why move them so far, anyway? Bale density is measured in pounds per cubic foot.. Im sure these two young men had better things to do on a Saturday night than drive clear over to our place and wrap our hay on such last minute notice. Rectangular: Gallons = length x width x height (all in feet) x 7.5 gallons per cubic foot If you live in a dry area, then this is not a big deal. However, bunker silo densities less than 14 lb dry matter per cubic foot resulted in dry matter losses of 17-20%. Density = 6 to 8 pounds per cubic foot for hay Density = 4 to 5 pounds per cubic foot for straw 6. ft) x 62.4. We also make Oatlage, which is a type of haylage made out of, you guessed it-oats. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Short version: 0000009027 00000 n
Baleage means that it is fermented hay specifically in bale form, this is the type that we do for our sheep. High density small square bales are now being produced to reduce storage and shipping costs. 0000001459 00000 n
Large square hay bales and round hay bales require bale handling equipment such as a tractor with a bale lift. Compare that to dry hay, which is 18-22% moisture (University of Missouri). 0000009004 00000 n
The ability to be handled by forklifts and front end loaders is another key feature. . Sixty to 65 percent dry matter, with 35 to 40 percent moisture (for the harvested material), is best. Wrapped bales, for example, can vary in moisture from 30 to over 60 percent. This is a big advantage for shipping and storage. Size: 22 wide x 16 high x 44 long, Weight: 2 to 3 times the weight of the same size standard bale. All Lambs are supposed to be born in the spring, right? We count on any hay or haylage we harvest to make a big dent in the amount of purchased forage we need for the winter. The individual wrapper is handy for farms not using the bales very quickly. You have a hay bale that weighs 100 lb. Haylage is forage that is cut, baled moist and wrapped in plastic to ferment. Often, not even close enough for government work. Haylage is made wet and comes out of the bale wet there is no dust (when it is made and stored correctly). 1 Capacity based on 16 lbs. Since we were running really late on time ours were tube wrapped, just because it is faster than wrapping individually. Tons of dry matter = 0.000393 x diameter x diameter x average depth of silage (all in feet) x (8.0 + (0.15 x depth)) for corn silage Its not haylage potential anymore, just bale it dry. Mono-Slope Beef Barn Air Quality Research Project. With a focus on industry applications and research, the online program is designed with maximum flexibility for today's working professionals. Density = 0.8 bushels per cubic foot for corn or soybeans Pi - Constant with an approximate value of 3.1416 A big enough tractor to move the bales is a big enough tractor to make some big ruts. These large bales have replaced their smaller counterparts on many farms and hay growing operations.. Round bales are usually handled with a tractor mounted front loader having a special spike attachment. pounds of dry forage per cubic foot (lbs DM/ft 3). Most hay bales stabilize at about 8% to 9% moisture content. Crib capacities in bushels for ear corn per foot of length: Width Height in Feet In feet 8' 10' 12' 14' 16' What the heck is haylage and why should you know about it? I truly enjoy sharing our experiences (Im the writer) and helping folks get started raising animals on their own farm or in the backyard. So why do you see some sheep with Hey there, Im Kathy! The bale is already wrapped it can be stored anywhere that is convenient for you to get to later, it does not need to be in a barn! Freight transportation companies charge one of two rates for shipping. Reference: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Yearbook. Legume bales are normally about 15% heavier than grasses for the same size bale, all other factors being equal. Bale density also plays a rather large role in final bale weight. Density = 10 to 12 pounds per cubic foot for corn stover Table 1. My husband called around and got two guys who actually dont normally do custom work to come with a tube wrapper. The term shrink is used widely in the feed industry. Its fairly intuitive that size of the bale will impact bale weight, but what may be overlooked is the degree of change that occurs when a bale is only 1 foot wider or 1 foot more in diameter. why not hay. trailer
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Short distance transport is done with special wagons and trailers. It looks like nothing was found at this location. Conversion is easy: Need help? Privacy Policy. Your personal data will be used to support your experience throughout this website, to manage access to your account, and for other purposes described in our privacy policy. Haylage is a great alternative to dry hay for both large and small livestock farmers. Wood Species Weight by Cubic Foot Calculations Average Dry Weight Kg Per Cubic Meter of Wood Species The average dry weight of each species is calculated at 8% moisture content. 0000032849 00000 n
(20 lbs / 100 lbs) = 20%. Haylage is a fermented forage that is fed to animals like hay. The wet bale is wrapped in plastic. Typical hay bale density is 9 to 12 lbs per cubic foot. In the previously mentioned Wisconsin study, the average weight of a 4-foot by 5-foot legume bale was 986 pounds. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. That means a concrete of 8 foot width, 8 foot height, and 8 foot length will have a weight of 1200 pounds (if it is a solid slab). It has timing issues as well. To be upfront with you, haylage is not golden. The bales must be stored away from the eaters. The example specified 65% moisture therefore the silage contains 35% dry matter. Sometimes this is accurate, other times it is not. Haylage will have a higher protein value than dry hay. 0000012306 00000 n
For example the silo is 50 feet long by 30 feet wide and the silage averages 12 feet deep. Lets look into it. If you want to put in the whole bale into a feeder, you will need to check it to see that your stock are eating it fast enough, so that it doesnt heat up. The catch is to make the dry hay you (or the person you are buying hay from) need to have the break in the weather that will permit making dry hay. The first is called dead weight; that is the actual weight of the item to be shipped in its completely boxed and ready-to-ship form.. Haylage is fermented hay. To make good-quality earlage, follow these guidelines: Make sure the crop's moisture content is correct before chopping. Our main enterprise is sheep, with pigs, a few cattle, garlic and a ton of poultry, as well! Haylage is faster to make from start to finish. 0000024051 00000 n
Typical hay bale density is 9 to 12 lbs per cubic foot. 0000023911 00000 n
Tons of dry matter = 0.000393 x diameter x diameter x average depth of silage (all in feet) x (5.90 + (0.1 x depth)) for haylage Brian Holmes, Professor Emeritus, UW-Madison . Density - pounds of grain, forage or liquid contained in one cubic foot of storage space, Bushels = Pi x diameter x diameter x average depth of grain (all in feet) x density, or 260 Heady Hall Then just like making dry hay you wait for the forage to dry down. Stabilized hay: 8% to 9% moisture by weight. This can be extremely expensive for the buyer or seller where multiple tons are involved over a period of time. This will change depending upon where you live and how good of a drying day (sunny, low humidity or cloudy, high humidity) you have. You put it in a drying oven to remove all the moisture. Next step is the wrapping, in either a tube, all wrapped together like a big sausage, or individually wrapped, so the bales look like marshmallows. Hay is produced from many different plant species. What can it do for your livestock? 0000012794 00000 n
Diameter - distance across a round structure Square hay bales come in two major size groups. dwiersma@facstaff.wisc.edu. Haylage will also need that loader or skid steer later when you want to move the bale. Haylage also requires plastic to wrap the bales. Density = 7.5 + (0.4 x depth of silage) (in feet) = tons of dry matter per cubic foot for corn silage (density increases with the depth of the silage) ";s:7:"keyword";s:29:"haylage weight per cubic foot";s:5:"links";s:535:"Louisiana Department Of Public Safety And Corrections,
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